1.When I check the land system in rural India,I have to say that Indian land system is a big failure for her large number of rural dwellers.Land reform after independence was not radically implemented on the basis of fair redistribution of existing land holdings,so that,many sticky problems get her rural villagers trapped in a vicious trap.Sometimes,I must think about whether so called inefficient democracy process is effective to take after those untouchables and bounded farmers.Supposing the central government initiated a serious redistribution plan on land after independence,hence,government strictly punished those cunning and greedy landlords who violated legislation,then the current scenario would be much better and optimistic for disadvantageous villagers. 2.Actually,for foreigners,it is better not to have a deep understanding on Caste system specific to India.It is only because that under an unknown background,everyone from India is no different from others. There was a nice conversation with Mr Sneigh about rural society in India,I have to admit that he is really sincere and frank to others.He said that he has one more brother excluding several sisters,and both of his parents are teachers.However,he has a deep feeling on his land about 10 hectors,his family hires labors to work for his land.He has a big joint family with about 60 members living together,naturally,there are numbers of rooms holding them.I said to him how they can cook such amount of food provided to members of the joint family,he replied that his mother and sisters all cook collectively to prepare food for them.Unsurprisingly,he said that all budget affairs are controlled by his mother instead of his father,even if his father is responsible for family affairs.Intercaste marriage should not be allowed,hence,he does not have a plan to get marriage with a girl from other castes. In first class,Professor Raman suddenly jumped his description of his experience of visiting China during his comparative study on village non-agriculture economic activities between India and China.He said that Beijing and Shanghai are really really modern and developed,unexpectedly,when he visited some villages in China to get reality through observation and interaction with locals,he never thought how a village could be so modern.In that village,there are almost all facilities needed by residents,e.g,shopping mall,entertainment facilities,hotels and so on.However,he said one more sentence that majority of Chinese people do not like Indians,but on the street,too many warm people around him asked with smile ,"are you Indian?""are you India?",at this time,he felt happy and impressive. I replied to him,there are many image projects constructed by local governments to show off their achievements when upper level leaders come to them to evaluate their accomplishments.I also said that Chinese people are interested in Hindu valley civilization,but Chinese government often spreads some misunderstandings to his people to incur narrow minded nationalism.As for modernity of Chinese cities,I humbly and frankly speak that majority of Chinese cities have the qualification to be called modern cities,but Chinese government has not done enough to support his people.Professor Raman is appreciated,he and NK Mishra did some researches on Chinese development model.It is no doubt that he often refers to socialism and government dominance in the market economy 3.Life should be an adventurous existence,otherwise,it would wither sooner or later.I come to India,because I partially bet my future on India's economic tie with China,this is also risky.One of my classmate opted Chinese as his diploma course next two years,this is also a risky business even if he said he had no choice but to take Chinese.Anyway,I like this type of life,it is worthy of my action. 4.All things related to individual behavior should be analyzed on the basis of "his culture".If we do not understand his culture,then we are unable to evaluate his action in a reasonable way. Every one always treats his own culture to be the best one,hence,he subconsciously behaves himself under his culture framework.Religion is no exception,in contrast,religion is more mutually exclusive.If you ask different religious devotees,they always explain you that his religion is enlightening you the universal truth. For our atheists,nothing is more powerful than your own will.From those cases mentioned above,we get some ideas that "culture relativism" is needed to critically judge individualistic behavior.Globalization is a big threat for diverse cultures,this arouses the awareness of local ideologies,therefore,conflicts start to challenge over-inflated globalization. In a small community,the organization structure is like a pyramid;likewise,in a global world,pyramid-shaped social structure wants to govern all parts of cultures.After the whole process of natural elimination of cultures,the only one of them could be survived.These days,Western cultures dominate in the global village,many cultures are forced to surrender,but some of them have to continue competing even fighting with the mainstream cultures. This is the root of conflict? 5.Today,I attended sociology class in New PG building.I admire that professor teaching rural sociology for students outside sociology department,even if I really understood nothing due to language difficulties.He is not addicted to dresses and phone brand,if he is staying outside campus,it is likely that nobody knows he is a professor,but he is full of experience and theories thanks to his long-time teaching.A real professor has no time to care about which phone is best,which dress is most expensive,what he focus on is his research objectives.He uses that out of date Nokia phone,but it does not affect his image in my mind in a negative manner. To the contrary,many so-called teachers spend too much time on material stuff,they purchase the newest smartphone,fashionable dresses,luxurious furniture and so on,but they forget their identities of teachers.This problem is much serious in my home land,many professors wear beautiful suits,but some of them do not equip themselves enough insights into a subject.Anyway,I am not qualified for research,it is not my intention to become a researcher,but I really appreciate some of Indian teachers. 6.Today,I coincidentally talked to one of my classmates about Indian society to confirm some info related to Indian social issues.Gradually,I find that I am dedicated to Indian society aspects.You can never observe some phenomena in other countries like in India. We discussed about sticky social issues facing India,caste system,sanskritization,marriage,dominant caste,dalit and advasis,literacy,child labor,human trafficking,bondage labor,panchayate system,health system,PDS,Rural employment act,land distribution,communalism,regionalism,caste-based business,linguistic based state,state nation and nation state framework,crime,slavery,domestic violence,women social status,scheduled castes and tribes,OBC,Zamindari system,Jajmani system,market in village,social inequality and exclusion,discrimination against differently abled,women,lower caste people,woman safety,cultural diversity,communism and Naxalite,and so on. These problems exist in almost every country,just to a varying degree.China has lots of social problems,but it is slightly different from India.Comparison between different objects,then we get insights about the reality of the society. 7.Today,I went to boys hostel with the invitation of one of my classmates.Unexpectedly,I found out that there is a serious problem in Economics department.One of my junior said that he is not interested in research of economics,the reason why he joins BHU is that he could get enough space to prepare for public service exam at a lowest cost.Once he passes the exam,then he would leave department for that public sector position.He said that if he could not succeed in getting a seat in public service department,then his parents would pressure him too much.If he joined a university for study,his parents would not give him pressures during his study. I can not judge whether it is good or bad,but it is just a reflection of job prospects for young graduates.Up to this moment,I really understand why India produces the largest number of engineer graduates annually.Manufacture is never over emphasized in a transition country. 8.1.For me,market activities are more attractive compared to academic activities.Once I get some insights on life and death,I still want myself to be socialized in a broader ozone.To serve society can take various means,market is more challenging and vivid than university.I plant to work for bank supervisory body or security supervisory body in future.The best choice is to engage myself to investment banks to fight with the most brutal group,like Wall street. 8.2.Cheng Boming is the CEO of the largest brokerage company--CITIC in China,he is my most senior from the same finance department,but he was under investigation due to his insider trading.This reflects some big issues related to financial markets,it is far away from maturity. 9.At this time,I sense that theoretical research is really scaring.When I recall how frustrated I was so long as I picked up a top level Chinese Economics journal to have a look during my undergraduate.There are too many seemingly sophisticated formulas and models,however carefully reading it,I could not understand it at all. When you had this type of terror to face a problematic case during your childhood,then it is quite challenging to overcome it in your adulthood.When I read English journals,I found out that their researches are aimed at solving some specific problems around them.It is not compulsory to apply too too complex formula and models to your article,sometimes,it is likely that analysis of data is sufficient to proof your hypothesis. It is a piece of good news for a so depressed student,Chinese university hurt me too much owing to their deliberate promotion of useless logic.Before this,I never considered those paper compiled from different sources to be called "research",and I ignore it.However,up to now,I get some inspired from Indian scholars.What can called research is that they could help you find some facts or proof some your hypotheses using any possible means.Whether it is chart,graph,table,figure and so on,the main purpose is too show others that your conclusion is reliable and credible. For example,I would like to understand the impact of literacy rate on health index.The procedure does not command a lot of complicated models and formulas,on the contrary,reading others' articles,then collecting data,finally,analyzing data.The single principle is to proof that your conclusion is based on careful analysis of data and other materials. The intention of research is to get insight from your observation and intuition,under it,we could use any possible techniques to persuade readers into believing in us.Sometimes,even if there is no any data list,we just compile whatever others have already written before,it is also qualified to be named a research on the condition that some genuine contributions to existing fields. I checked some Phd theses submitted by Indian students,finding that their topics are largely related to a specific region.They took a district or state as their study field,then their objectives are to solve some detailing problems within this region.Because very few studies about this topic have been done,hence,their experiments are really useful for newcomers to further explore the facts.Their data are almost primary,doing survey,interview,questionnaire,participatory observation are their approaches to data collection. In my mind,I have been conservatively insisting that all research topics should be international affairs,at least national affairs.For state affairs,I am worried that data resources are not sufficient enough for analysis,so,I neglect many interesting facts relevant to my community,district and city. Indian sociologists observed village phenomena for a long time,they wrote books to summarize what they experienced through this process.Many famous but genuine points are also generalized,like Sanskritisation,Dominant Castes,Caste-based business,marriage,etc. Amartya Sen,contributed much to welfare economics,because he is really addicted to explanation of starvation,deprivation,poverty,freedom,capability,function,being and doing thanks to his painful experience in his childhood.He did not apply those advanced models and formulas to proof his points,in contrast,his articles and books are influenced by his philosophical perspective. When I have some ideas about this,I am relieved. 10.I have been chanting that culture is always relative,when we draw any conclusion on others,we have to base our judgement on his culture and context. Everyone always thinks his own culture is the best one among all streams of cultures,ask why?He replies to you because of many reasons.If you ask a Buddhist whether Buddhism is good or not,he would definitely place his belief in a superior position without hesitation;If you ask a Muslim about his religion,he also responds his religion is absolutely universal true;Likewise,when a Christian is interviewed to talk about his belief,he is quite confident that the church is the only way to our reality. For different places,what can be called kindness is also diverse.Especially,when we come to freedom term,actually,we should not set individuality as the foundation of freedom.In Western philosophy,first thing is individual freedom,second thing is just nation-state,therefore,individual freedom is above state freedom.They debate that state is a social contract among a nation's people,without people's agreement,state would be baseless.Naturally,Western perspective would not allow state to interfere into personal affairs. This logic has been treated as a gold law of political philosophy.However,many problems arise due to emphasis on individual freedom,and these problems have seriously contradicted the starting point.Our real society is like a pyramid,so,hierarchy is endogenous part of the system.In a scarce society,there are winners and losers,and winners get all.Unfairness caused by individuality structure leads to a lot of non-observable oppression and exploitation among his people.As you understand,oppression and exploitation is loss of freedom.At this time,individual freedom is not harmed by state instead by free people.What is implication is that any society pursuing personal freedom always sacrifices a part of his people's freedom to maximize other small part of people. This is a root cause for ideal Marxism to influence the world,because the reality is no freedom for the whole people in a society full of beliefs of individuality.Unfortunately,Communism is too far to be implemented,it directly brings authoritarian style leadership to those communist controlled nations where individual freedom is largely exploited and oppressed by state.It means that whatever social system we are in,our freedom is never fairly distributed.Universal truth may be that normal distribution of all things is highly possible.Despite this fact,some states have a standardized normal distribution of freedom,but other states have skewed or piked distribution of freedom. Those case mentioned above is not my theme.I would like to show that how different people with diverse contexts understand some so-called universal value.You may say this is moral philosophy,and morality is never based on facts,so,it is meaningless to discuss about this.Actually,whether you observe or not in your life,when a student from a family that likes to control a child's action any time,you find his view on freedom is opposite to majority of you. A child used to be directed by his parents during his childhood,whatever he is going to do,he would subconsciously consider to get permission from his parents.Once he forgets to counsel this to his parents,what waits for him is strict scold and beating.After a period of time,he has been institutionalized or educated to take action only after having permission,otherwise,he feels extremely uncomfortable and pitiful.Gradually,he is not willing to make any personal decision,all things would firstly be referred to his parents with his own wish.Up to the moment,while asked about freedom,he would confess to you that freedom means doing everything under guidance of his parents.Provided that you question him why he is used to being submissive your parents,surprisingly,you would be told that it seems that he has a strong sense of loss of freedom without parents' involvement. This is why we often make mistakes with regard to this cultural relativism.If you do not analyze a person's cultural contexts,we are unable to definitely judge his morality and mindset.Language also plays an important role to affect human beings' ways of thinking.
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AuthorI witness my living society, from birth to death.This is my whole life. Archives
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